COPPEREPLACE 1. Copper applications in organic viticulture are a real challenge today. Part 1 - Scientific Activities

Cu soil pollution arose mostly from its indiscriminate use against downy mildew on vulnerable soils during the second half of the 20th century. Cu is an essential element for plant growth, being naturally present in soil, usually at low concentrations (5–30 mg/kg); however, due to the continued use of Cu-based fungicides, a significant increment of Cu levels has been observed in many European soils1. The increase in Cu concentrations in soils can impact negatively and at different levels soil accumulation, soil microbiota, overall biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, together with other pesticides; this has led to specific regulations being applied in populated areas near vineyards2, creating a major challenge for farmers today.

The use of Cu in organic production has been restricted since 20023 4, particularly affecting more than other production modes (i.e. integrated production, IPM), because they can alternate Cu with another alternative products. Additionally, the complex processes of registration and authorisation for new plant protection products (PPP) represent hurdles with economic impacts.

The use of alternative products to Cu is thus being requested in many countries, but to varying degrees of success, causing limitations and affecting strategies in viticulture5.